Recruitment and Army Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and Army Essay 1.0 Opportunities and dangers to be considered by the Army in externalising the recruitment processes. a. Preston (2012 P.36) shows how the two-way process of recruitment ‘should be as much about the applicant finding out whether the business is right for them as about whether they are deemed acceptable by the business’. c. Having employment opportunities for the soldiers who are being made redundant will allow the knowledge and experience of ex-soldiers to remain forefront of recruitment helping recruiting the right person be more effective. An explanation by Preston (2012, P.36) tells us how if ‘appointees don’t fit then profitability is affected’; this key can show that the benefits of externalization will bring spending cuts by selecting only the right persons increasing retention. d. Being seen as ‘perverse’ is a danger because if the Army gives a bad image of high staff redundancies while spending highly on hiring this could be open to stereotypic views as Preston explains ‘Many people are deterred from entering certain professions because of general stereotypical images which exist in their society or culture’ (2012, P.38). Col Richard Kemp in the case study says how ‘previously using a civilian company was not a success’. This could have a detrimental impact upon future recruits if the civilian company cannot deliver what is expected. It will also have an  impact upon the Army’s image if it doesn’t work out the second time round. 2.0 Methods of selection and their advantages and disadvantages for selecting soldiers. Interviews – Used to understand key facts of the job and recruit for either parties and determine suitability to one another. This method is an opportunity the Army can utilize to lay out main facts of what they have to offer. It’s also a chance for the recruit to decide whether or not they are happy with the opportunities. The advantage to the Army using this method would remove unexpected expectation at an early stage reducing cost from training soldiers who realized it’s not what they thought at a later stage. The disadvantage however would be that interviews are seen as ‘too subjective to the individual and place a ‘cloud’ over an individual’s ability (Preston, 2012 P.43) Tests – Used to measure a person’s ability and aptitude relevant to the job. This Method would allow the Army to see suitability of potentials under set tests giving a further indication on whether the Army is a job the candidate is suitable for before subjecting them to full training further reducing cost at an earlier convenience. Preston (2012) also explains that this can also be a way to reduce inherent subjectivity of the interview method. This method has disadvantages of not being able to incorporate all what the Amy needs to see as some areas of the Army require more subjective tests. This can increase costs if at a later stage the applicant is found unable to cope with certain areas of the job and pulls out. Assessment Centre – Can show the applicant in certain situations relevant to the job. This shows the Army the recruits in a role play scenario or group activity which can indicate the applicant’s ability under a selection of techniques in multiple combinations. This can incorporate a more subjective assessment of the individual so it can be determined further whether the Army can offer a position to the recruit. This would help the Army in selecting those who are of correct skill level generating more quality recruits increasing retention. However the assessment centers only provide the Army with a short insight to certain scenarios as the Army is a specialized area of recruitment the individual cannot be seen faced with all possible problems the recruit may encounter as  a soldier. 3.0 Recommendations for organising induction and socialisation of newly hired soldiers to enhance retention. Induction is whereby a new recruit is welcomed into the organisation through a short term introduction to areas shown by Preston (2012, P45) like what their job description is, what’s expected of them or underlining policies and procedures. Such inductions are critical to the Army as it helps new recruits become accustomed to their surroundings and allows them to adopt the organisational culture and written rules helping them understand what is expected and what is accepted. Typical activities include group welcoming (showing videos), simple team working (to help get to know each other) and tours of the premises (to learn the surroundings). Socialisation is a long term process shown by Preston (2012) to ‘help understand in terms how the newcomer makes sense of the business and their role within it’. This would be of importance to help the Army ensure the recruits are following the correct procedures and polices but also helping to keep track of the recruit’s process ensuring they are settling in and managing well. To help the activities could include meetings to see the recruit’s progression, group socialising to help with settling, appraisals to show they are doing well and promotions to help encourage further progression. To help improve retention and reduce dropouts induction techniques recommended would be having already serving soldiers at a welcome day to have questions asked and stories from first hand experiences. As documented by Harding (2011) in the case study ‘the most effective recruiters were young soldiers who had already served on operations’. This could expel any rumors and help new recruits understand the demands of Army life at an early stage. This technique would also allow the introduction of policies and procedures and what to expect. Using mentoring as a socialising technique would give recruits quantitative information based on their progression into the business and how well they are integrating into the  role. This information can be persuading for new recruits to show them they are on the right track and doing well, resulting in increased momentum and a desire to keep going. As Preston (2012) says ‘socialisation is understanding how the newcomer makes sense of the business and their role within it’. Mentoring through the early stages can keep track of the recruit and provide them with the help and support to succeed in turn, reducing dropouts and increasing quality recruits. References: Harding T. (2011) ‘Army to pay civilian firm  £1bn to recruit new soldiers’ The Telegraph 11 October [Online]. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8819327/ Army-to-pay-civilian-firm- £1bn-to-recruit-new-soldiers.html (Accessed 1 September 2014). Preston, D (2012), An introduction to human resource management in business, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Prà ©cis: From the tutor group forum discussions I have learnt that there are many views on what people have in the work place. The work place HRM polices and business cultures can be dramatically different from business to business and different people have different views on them and how they incorporate them into their working lives. Activity 2.3 shown how businesses HRM polices and culture can mix well or clash badly as such Pauls Bourne shows how that if people of a work place buy into the ‘norm’ this can sometimes override what the HRM polices state resulting in problems. However that HRM polices should be a state of first call when people need to be reminded what is truly expected of them in the place of work. All the ideas coming together has taught me to think more logically about the place I work and how the business culture is upheld through normal behaviour of people through unwritten rules up to the policies and procedures in place to help maintain a uniformed business. Reference: Bourne P, (2014) ‘Activity 2.3 HRM and Culture’ The Open University 19 November 2014 [Online]. Available at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/forumng/discuss.php?d=1210164 (accessed 25 November 2014).

Climate Change - Essay Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay Essay In the present-day society, the human race is advancing at a staggering rate. However, at the meantime, the environment has been polluting with the high-tech. The most obvious is climate warming. Therefore, we should protect the environment at once. In my opinion, the causes of the climate change are multiple. Firstly, some people have not the realized the environment which has been polluted, so they have not the awareness to protect the environment, and even damage the environment. And some of people realized it, but they have no ability to give some contribution for the environment. And another people who have the ability to protect the environment, but it will have some conflict for their benefit. Hence, the government should cultivate the sense of protecting the environment to citizens. Secondly, some large industries are not control the emissions which led to the climate warning. So the authorizes must scrutinize the industries and encourage them to protect the environment. On the other hand, the government ought to draw more laws to punishment the industries which destroy the environment. Overall, the government is a very important role to arrest the climate warming. Today, China is advancing at a staggering rate in some of areas. For example, politics, economic, and culture. In politics, we have a good relationship with the whole world. The mind of peaceful from our country has been accepted by the whole world. Our country is the one of security council members. In economic, we have many trades with some developed country, for example, America. It led to our economic developing very fast. In culture, culture is very important for a country, we have a long history  about 5000 years. So our country is an unlack of country. We are very proud of this. Well, the causes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦are multip. For example, in our country, you know, we have many many people who need to meet resources. You know the resources is limited, therefore resources and population are the important factor for developing countries. Furthermore, some resources have not been fully utilized, because of the technology. So most of resources have been wasted. For example, Japan recycle some of resources from China, and rework them, Japan have gotten many profits from Chinese resources. So I think the technology is an important factor as well. In the end, education is very very important factor. You know the education depend on the country’s future. However, in China, the university rankings

Protein Purification Using Affinity Chromatography

Protein Purification Using Affinity Chromatography Protein Purification Using Affinity Chromatography ABSTRACT: The principle behind this lab experiment was to purify the His-tag protein RNase H by implementing a technique called affinity chromatography. This technique is unique in its purification technological apparatus because it allows the purification of a biomolecule in accordance to its individual chemical disposition. A mini-column is prepared using 0.5 mL of Ni-NTA agarose and washed with 10 mL of DI water. To begin the purification process, a sample of E.coli containing His-tag H is ran through a series of buffers to wash and remove unbound proteins, and then eluted to obtain the desired protein. During this procedure, the original flow through, eluting buffer flow through, washing buffer flow through and the unused eluting buffer will be retained and stored for the latter experiment. INTRODUCTION: Affinity chromatography is a technique for the purification of proteins. It isolates the transcription factors and purifys proteins by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The solution is passed down a column that contains the DNA sequence attached within the matrix. The proteins containing a relatively high affinity for the specific sequence are gravitated towards the matrix where it will remain and bind to the sequence. As given by the name itself, affinity chromatography is highly selective henceforth, superior resolutions and extreme capacity for proteins in query. Affinity chromatography isolates the proteins by means of a rescindable interaction linking the protein or in some cases a group of proteins, and a distinctive ligand attached to a chromatographic medium. Affinity chromatography is an efficacious method when the interactions between the protein and the molecule of interest is highly specific. However, the purification process can be a tad tedious and time-consuming. So to expedite the recovery of proteins while efficiently purifying recombinant proteins, affinity tags are introduced to various methods. The majority of the affinity tags are grouped as either a peptide or protein, which selectively adheres to the immobilized metal ion on the affinity column. The introduction of the affinity tags allows us to purify the proteins using affinity chromatography by taking advantage of the interaction associated with the metal ions and the protein molecules. The affinity tag is the amino acid Histidine, called the His-tag. The tagged proteins are passed through the column of beads containing covalently attached, immobilized nickel (II) or other metal ions (Biochemistry, 2015). Histidine is known to display the greatest interaction with the immobilized transition metals, such as Ni2+, therefore, they are the most commonly used affinity tag. This is due to the ionization property of the amino acid residue. Histidine contains an imidazole ring, that can bind and release protons depending on the surrounding environment of the matrix (Biochemistry, 2015). In this experiment, the matrix used for purifying the protein containing the His-tag is the Ni-NTA Agarose. The His-tag binds to the immobilized nickel (II) with great affinity and specificity, while the other proteins molecules are weakly bonded or end up getting washed out during the washing step. The E.coli lysate is what is loaded into the minicolumn affinity matrix. The bound proteins remain attached while the other proteins wash through the matrix. After several washes, the bound His-tag protein is eluted from the column using an eluting buffer which will decrease the binding affinity and displaces the protein. The His-tag protein can also be eluted with imidazole, which is known to be the most generally used elution agent. In this experiment, the protein was purified by collecting the supernatant from each wash series which ran through a Ni-NTA affinity column. Each buffer contained different concentration values of Imidazole in increasing order, starting with 5 mM, 20 mM, and ending with 250 mM for the eluting buffer. The final flow through of eluting buffer wash contained the completed purified protein. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES: MATERIALS: 0.5 mL of E.coli lysate containing over-expressed His-tag RNase H 5 mL of Loading Buffer: 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM Imidazole, 10 % Glycerol 2.5 mL of Washing Buffer (2xs): 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 20 mM Imidazole, 10 % Glycerol 1 mL of Eluting Buffer: 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 250 mM Imidazole, 10 % Glycerol 10 mL of Glycerol (3xs) 0.5 mL Ni-NTA Agarose DI water HCl pH meter Mini-column PROCEDURE: Prepare the buffer solutions using the calculated values and adjust the pH with HCl until you reached a pH ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, and then top off to 100 mL with water. **NOTE: The glycerol, Tris, NaCl, and imidazole can be added to 80 mL of water and the volume topped off to a total of 100 mL after the pH adjustment. **Please refer to the data table for the appropriate values. To prepare the minicolumn, add 0.5 mL of Ni-NTA Agarose to the minicolumn and wash with 10 mL of DI water. Once the water has flowed through the column, add 5 mL of the loading buffer. When the loading buffer has gone through, proceed and add 5.0 mL of the E.coli lysate and save the flow through for the following lab. Using the prepared washing buffer, wash the minicolumn twice with 2.5 mL of the washing buffer and retain the flow through from the first wash only for the latter experiment. Once the washing buffer has completely flowed through the column, wash the minicolumn with 1 mL of the eluting buffer, and again save the flow through. The flow through from the eluting buffer was contains the final purified protein. Also, save 15 mL of the unused eluting buffer for the following lab experiment. Place all the saved flow through in the appropriate storing tube and label accordingly, including the initials of each group member or a distinctive marking so that it can be easily reclaim ed in the next lab. Hand the labeled tubes over to the TA for proper storing, you should have a total of four solutions. DATA TABLE: To make 100 mL of Loading Buffer 100 mL of a 10% Glycerol Solution 20 mM Buffer 5 mM Solution 0.5 M Solution Tris Needed Imidazole Needed NaCl Needed Glycerol Needed Loading Buffer 0.242 g 0.3404 g 2.922 g 10 mL To make 100 mL of Washing Buffer 100 mL of a 10% Glycerol Solution 20 mM Buffer 20 mM Solution 0.5 M Solution Tris Imidazole NaCl Glycerol Washing Buffer 0.242 g 0.1362 g 2.922 g 10 mL To make 50 mL of Eluting Buffer 100 mL of a 10% Glycerol Solution 20 mM Buffer 250 mM Solution 0.5 M Solution Tris Imidazole NaCl Glycerol Eluting Buffer 0.121 g 0.851 g 1.461 g 10 mL REFERENCES: J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko, G. J. Gatto, Jr., L. Stryer, Biochemistry (8th ed., pp. 70-71). W.H. Freeman Company. Hengen, P. N. (1995). Purification of His-Tag Fusion Proteins from E.coli. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 20(7), 285-286. https://www.qiagen.com/us/shop/sample-technologies/protein/expression-purification-detection/ni-nta-agarose/#orderinginformation Biological Chemistry Laboratory Manual, (2017).

The Anatomy of a Roller Coaster Essay -- Amusement Parks Rides Essays

The Anatomy of a Roller Coaster To adequately understand the relationship between physics and roller coasters, it is essential to first describe and explain the basic structure of roller coasters. In simple terms, a roller coaster is much like that of a passenger train. To explain, a roller coaster consists of a series of connected cars that move on tracks. However, unlike a train, a roller coaster has no engine, or rather a power source of its own. There are two major types of roller coasters, characterized mainly by their track structure. The tracks of wooden roller coasters are similar to those of traditional railroad tracks, as metal wheels of the roller coaster roll on a flat metal strip that is bolted to a sturdy running track made of laminated wood (How Roller Coasters Work). A majority of wooden roller coasters have the same wheel design as that of a train, where the inner part of the wheel has a wide lip that prevents the car from rolling off the side of the track. Additionally, wooden roller coasters also have another set of wheels that run underneath the track, keeping the cars from flying up into the air. Wooden coaster tracks are braced by wooden crossties and diagonal support beams; the entire track structure rests on an intricate lattice of wooden or steel beams (How Roller Coasters Work). With the wooden roller coaster structure, designers can combine hills, twists, and turns into an infinite variety of course la youts. In wooden roller coasters, however, the exhilarating motion is mainly up and down. The second type of major roller coaster, based on tubular steel tracks, was introduced in the 1950s. Consisting of a pair of long steel tubes, this particular track structure is supported by a sturdy, l... ...), roller coaster designers incorporate tight fits and near misses to create the sensation that the rider is traveling through the structure at out-of-control speeds. In review, in relation to the anatomy, basic workings, and sensations found in roller coasters, physics definitely plays a critical role. More specifically, without the laws of physics, or rather the incorporation of physics, roller coasters would be unknown to the world of entertainment. With the incorporation of physics, roller coaster designers have been able to create better, faster, and more unimaginable thrills with complete accuracy and safety. As mentioned previously, although physics is found in essentially every facet of life, I would like to believe that the majority of entertainment-seeking enthusiasts are grateful that the application of physics isn’t simply restricted to the classroom. The Anatomy of a Roller Coaster Essay -- Amusement Parks Rides Essays The Anatomy of a Roller Coaster To adequately understand the relationship between physics and roller coasters, it is essential to first describe and explain the basic structure of roller coasters. In simple terms, a roller coaster is much like that of a passenger train. To explain, a roller coaster consists of a series of connected cars that move on tracks. However, unlike a train, a roller coaster has no engine, or rather a power source of its own. There are two major types of roller coasters, characterized mainly by their track structure. The tracks of wooden roller coasters are similar to those of traditional railroad tracks, as metal wheels of the roller coaster roll on a flat metal strip that is bolted to a sturdy running track made of laminated wood (How Roller Coasters Work). A majority of wooden roller coasters have the same wheel design as that of a train, where the inner part of the wheel has a wide lip that prevents the car from rolling off the side of the track. Additionally, wooden roller coasters also have another set of wheels that run underneath the track, keeping the cars from flying up into the air. Wooden coaster tracks are braced by wooden crossties and diagonal support beams; the entire track structure rests on an intricate lattice of wooden or steel beams (How Roller Coasters Work). With the wooden roller coaster structure, designers can combine hills, twists, and turns into an infinite variety of course la youts. In wooden roller coasters, however, the exhilarating motion is mainly up and down. The second type of major roller coaster, based on tubular steel tracks, was introduced in the 1950s. Consisting of a pair of long steel tubes, this particular track structure is supported by a sturdy, l... ...), roller coaster designers incorporate tight fits and near misses to create the sensation that the rider is traveling through the structure at out-of-control speeds. In review, in relation to the anatomy, basic workings, and sensations found in roller coasters, physics definitely plays a critical role. More specifically, without the laws of physics, or rather the incorporation of physics, roller coasters would be unknown to the world of entertainment. With the incorporation of physics, roller coaster designers have been able to create better, faster, and more unimaginable thrills with complete accuracy and safety. As mentioned previously, although physics is found in essentially every facet of life, I would like to believe that the majority of entertainment-seeking enthusiasts are grateful that the application of physics isn’t simply restricted to the classroom.

Essay --

Comparative policing study is a study that is trying to find new and successful ways to police other countries by feeding off of each other’s ideas and ways of policing. The main goal is to find a global way of policing with little to no flaws, a way that makes policing easier and more efficient for everybody. Reichel, Bayley, and Mawby all have different ideas on comparative policing study and each of their ideas can give you an insight on what are the benefits and risks of the comparative policing study. In Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: A Topical Approach, Reichel states that the benefits of comparative policing are both provincial and universal. The provincial benefit is avoiding ethnocentrism by looking at other ways of working and checking if they might apply to our own systems. And the universal benefit encourages international cooperation and gives practitioners an understanding of how to work in a ‘flat’ world. (Reichel, 2008) An example of a provincial benefit is how many countries have adopted the Japanese police practice of having small local police stations. Cit...

Journey To Self-Destruction in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Journey To Self-Destruction in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest In One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, the character of Randle P. McMurphy undergoes a gradual journey towards self-destruction. His actions go from the minuscule, such as changing minor ward policies, to the act of trying to strangle Nurse Ratched. All of his actions, minor and major, lead to his self-destruction. He continues this behavior even after he discovers he's only hurting himself with his actions. McMurphy begins by protesting minor but significant defects of the ward policies. When he first arrives, he runs around in nothing but a towel and provokes shock and anger from the Big Nurse. His actions let the nurses and patients know that he won't simply sit back and take the staff's cruel treatment to get the patients to conform quietly and without protest. He begins to gamble with the patients, first for cigarettes and eventually for IOUs, despite the nurse's rule of no gambling on the ward for money (Kesey 102). He also convinces the spineless Dr. Spivey to allow the patients to open up a separate day room for their card games. He uses the doctor to implement these changes, which aggravates the nurse because it takes away her power. The resentment between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched continues to build. McMurphy brings about all these changes before he realizes one vital fact: Nurse Ratched is the sole determiner of how long he must stay in the ward. He's watching television while everyone else is completing their chores. The nurse says to him, "You're committed, you realize. You are ... under the jurisdiction of me...the staff...Under jurisdiction and control-" (138). The nurse also says, "Keep in mind that Mr. McMurphy is committed. The length of time he spends in this hospital is entirely up to us" (150). McMurphy relaxes slightly; however, he eventually continues to harass the nurse, despite his knowledge that she dictates the length of his confinement (Waldmeir 425). He crosses the line and throws a party on the ward in the middle of the night, bringing in two prostitutes and intoxicating the patients with a mixture of cherry flavored alcohol and codeine cough syrup. He does so knowing that he will face consequences for this event. However, he feels he must continue this self-destruction in order for the other patients to find themselves and their sense of freedom ( 427).

Dreams of Gilgamesh

Dreams of Gilgamesh When looking into the meanings of dreams, a variation of things can be found. Most people believe that dreams are a reflection of people’s inner thoughts and feelings. Most of these feelings are too private to be expressed in the real world and that is why they are expressed in a fantasy type way through dreams. In Gilgamesh, dreams are used as a form of communication between the Gods and humans. Major events are seen through these dreams and fantasies are foretold. In the ancient Mesopotamian culture, dreams play a major role.Dreams foretold the coming of Enkidu, the death of Enkidu, the protection of Shamhat during the battle with Humbaba, and much more. The fact that dreams play such an important role in this story, would lead you to believe that dreams have a significant place in society. The first mention of dreams in Gilgamesh come with Enkidu and the harlot in the wilderness. The purpose of this scene is to show that dreams tell the future. It is imp ortant for Gilgamesh to know that Enkidu is coming because he needs to know that Enkidu is there to bring him no harm.Enkidu was created to be on Gilgamesh’s side, not to challenge him. In the next scene Gilgamesh has a dream but he did not understand the dream so he asks his mother its meaning. â€Å"Mother, I had a dream last night: There were stars of heaven around me, Like the force of heaven, something kept falling upon me! I tried to carry it but it was too strong for me, I tried to move it but I could not budge it. The whole of Uruk was standing by it, The people formed a crowd around it, A throng was jostling towards it, Young men were mobbed around it, Infantile, they were groveling before it!I fell in love with it, like a woman I caressed it, I carried it off and laid it down before you, Then you were making it my partner. †(page 19, tablet I, lines 246-258). This dream is very significant because it foretells the first confrontation of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The introduction of Enkidu in Gilgamesh’s life is symbolic of someone finding a companion. In another scene, we are given a view into Humbaba. â€Å"Humbaba’s cry is the roar of a deluge, His maw is fire, his breath is death, He can hear rustling in the forest for sixty double leagues. Who can go into his forest?Adad is first and Humbaba is second. Who, even among the gods, could attack him? In order to safeguard the forest of cedars, Enlil has appointed him to terrify the people, Enlil has destined him seven fearsome glories, Besides, whosoever enters his forest is struck down by disease. † (page 25, tablet II, lines 171-180). This is very significant in that it lets us know the nature of who Humbaba is. It’s clear that Humbaba is quite evil according to this passage. Gilgamesh’s dreams make him supremely confident during his attempts to overcome Humbaba.Gilgamesh believes he can prevail against Humbaba. Due to his focus and heroism, Gilgamesh is capable of slaying a horrifying, evil monster like Humbaba. Dreams are a constant motivation for Gilgamesh, and although at times he feels physically incapable of continuing on his quest for everlasting life, his focus on achieving his goal, drives him past any conceivable ability. The dreams all play the same role in this story. They foreshadow what is to come, motivation for Gilgamesh, and they assist in the strengthening of the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu.Most importantly, Gilgamesh makes his journey not for fortune or fame, but purely for spiritual knowledge. Often the purpose of his journey is not really what he thinks it is, and the knowledge he’s looking for is not the knowledge he ultimately gains. By killing Humbaba, Gilgamesh discovers that the fame he finds only opens him up to new responsibilities, challenges and psychic wounds. He learns why the goal of the journey of life isn't what he thought it was. He has to go on a second and much more difficul t journey, one with a more spiritual goal.But even though this journey is more spiritual in character, it's still not spiritual enough. His goals are still selfish. Gilgamesh isn't ready to be a king until he wants something not just for himself or for Enkidu but for the whole of Uruk. He also isn't ready to be king until he accepts human limits, embraces his humanity, and decides to seek a goal that makes sense for human beings. The importance of knowing what is going to happen before it actually happens is to build dramatic tension.Even though you may know what’s going to happen next, it doesn’t ruin the story. You may know who Gilgamesh will encounter next, but there will still be questions as to when and why. Also, by knowing a preview of what happens in advance, it helps prevent confusion and makes it more likely you will believe fantastic events in the story if you prepare for such events. It also helps prepare you for outlandish occurrences in the story. Works C ited Stephen, Owen. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Shorter 2nd. New York: W. W Norton & Company,INC, 2009. 9-33. Print.