Essay on Theme of Blindness in Sophocles Oedipus the King

Theme of Blindness in Sophocles Oedipus the King Sophocles?s play, ?Oedipus the King? is one of the most well known of the Greek tragedies. The play?s interesting plot, along with the incredible way it is written are only two of the many reasons why two thousand years later, it is still being read and viewed. For those who are not familiar with the story of ?Oedipus the King?, it is written about the results of a curse put on King Oedipus which claims that he will murder his father and marry his mother. After reading or viewing this play, it is apparent that there are a few different themes, though the one which will be discussed in this essay is the theme of blindness. The theme of blindness is shown through the blind prophet,†¦show more content†¦He was given hints by numerous people, yet was still oblivious to the reality. Oedipus?s first hint was when a drunken man accused him of being a bastard child. Next was the prediction from Phoebus, who said that he was ?fated to lie with his mother ? and doomed to be the murde rer of his father.? His next clue was from Teiresias, who claimed that he was the murderer of the former king ? yet that was still not enough. Following Teiresias was the messenger, who told Oedipus that the parents who raised him were not his real parents. Finally, it all clicked when the herdsman came and confirmed that Oedipus was in fact the child of Laius, and that is when he realizes that the oracle?s predictions were correct. One would think that after a few hints that Oedipus would put the pieces together and realize the truth, however that is not the case. These clues that Oedipus overlooked all contributed to the proof that he was blind to the facts of his life. The final way that the theme of blindness is portrayed in this play is through Oedipus becoming blind at the end of the story. When Oedipus finally realized the truth about his past, he rushed inside of his house, and did a horrendous thing. It is described in the play, stating that ?He tore off the brooches ? and lifting them high dashed them on his own eyeballs ? he struck his eyes again and yet again with the brooches.? It is ironic that in theShow MoreRelatedThe Classical Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus The King950 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Greece’s Golden Age introduced many excellent playwrights, all of whom contributed to the success of Greek Literature† (sites.google/ Playwrights of the Golden Age). Sophocles, the author of the classic tragedy, Oedipus the King, was one of the three best play writers during that time frame. Born in 495 B.C., Sophocles â€Å"lived for nearly ninety years through the most of the turbulent events of his country during the fifteent h century B.C.† (Charters and Charters). He was born in Colonus, not farRead MoreTheme Of Blindness In Oedipus The King781 Words   |  4 Pageslife is to try and find a meaning in it (Heller). Sophocles writes a Greek Drama Oedipus the King in which he incorporates how we, as humans, process pain and different ways of doing so. Oedipus the King is about Oedipus fulfilling a prophecy the Sphinx predicted. Throughout the story, Oedipus’ revelation to the Sphinx’s prophecy becomes so horrific to him that he, himself, ends up blind. Blindness is the focus of Oedipus the King in that Oedipus is blind to the truth about the prophecy and is reluctantRead MoreOedipus Rex Is A Greek Tragedy Written By Sophocles1177 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex is a Greek tragedy written by Sophocles. Sophocles, through writing this work along with Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus, became a legendary tragedian, and went off to produce several other works. This classic tragedy held gr eat influence over Aristotle’s six components in his work, the Poetics, more specifically, over the component of plot and character. The birth of Oedipus Rex since spurred countless famous interpretations, including ones by the father of psychoanalysis himself, SigmundRead MoreOedipus Rex: Imagery of Blindness and Sight as a Medium to the Themes1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, an honourable and admirable Greek king named Oedipus rules the town of Thebes. He is left in mental turmoil and decay as his unknown, corrupt and immoral past is slowly revealed during his quest to find the culprit who murdered King Laius. The newly exposed past suddenly transforms his glory and respect into shame and humiliation. After he learns about his wicked past he stabs his eyes, which lead to his blindness. During the course of the play, referencesRead More The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesRex (the King) Teiresias uses his psychic abilities to foreshadow the anguish and destruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also responsible for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing dramatic irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. In the play, Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, the minorRead MoreThroughout most famous Greek literature, a great hero usually saves the day. In the story of900 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story of Oedipus though, the good man with one minor flaw goes through great pain. This pain in the play Oedipus Rex is the focal point for the whole play. Almost every aspect of the play builds up and foreshadows Oedipus’ fall from power, and entry into pain. Sophocles in his tragedy Oedipus Rex creates a mood of dramatic irony using the dualities of sight and blindnes s, and light and darkness. This dramatic irony highlights Oedipus’ hamartia and in doing so Sophocles enhances his messageRead MoreOedipus Rex, A Symbol Of Fate1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe most famous scene in Sophocles’, Oedipus Rex, is when Oedipus gouges out his eyes. But that’s not the only example of sight and blindness in this play. In Sophocles world, eyes play a big part in society, as the theme of vision invites the audience to look at the action with a double perspective, through own eyes and through the eyes of those on stage ( Mastronarde pp. 179-182). Considering eyes as an essential piece, it places them as a motif of the play. Within Greek literature, scholars focusRead MoreThe True Vision of Blindness in Oedipus Rex by Sophocles Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesthey are blind to it. In Oedipus Rex by Sophocles it is easy to see how blindness affects the transition of the story. It is said that blind people see â€Å"in a different manner† because they sense the world in a totally diferent way, such as Teiresias in the play. Oedipus Rex is a tragedy due to the content the Sophocles, the playwright, decided to include, first, murdering his father, king Laius, then marrying his mother, Jocasta, and ending by blinding himself. Oedipus has been blinded to the truthRead MoreEssay on Sight and Blindness in Oedipus Rex1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, the themes of sight and blindness are developed in a way to communicate to the reader that it is not eyesight itself, but insight that holds the key to truth and, without it, no amount of knowledge can help uncover that truth. Some may define insight as the ability to intuitively know what is going to happen, or simply as the capacity to understand the true nature of a situation. Both definitions hold a significant role in the play, not only for more obviousRead MoreThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King1052 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King A primitive motif in Oedipus the King by Sophocles and The Outsider by Albert Camus is blindness. The protagonists in the novels are blinded to a personal truth, and are physically blinded as well. In The Outsider, Meursault’s blindness is metaphorical, as he is negligent to his own absurdity, which he later becomes categorized as. On the other hand, Oedipus’s blindness is literal, as he is ignorant to the truth of his life;

The River Of No Return Is An Autobiography Of Cleveland

The River of no return is an Autobiography of Cleveland Sellers. Throughout the book, we get to read firsthand how times were during the Civil rights movement. In ‘The River of No Return’ readers will also perceive the mindset of both African Americans and Caucasian Americans. This autobiography provides eyewitness reports of the strategies and the conflicts in the south that many people have endured for racial justice. Not only does it show the south but it also shows the movement and how it progressed throughout the nation. In the beginning chapters of the book, we get a glimpse of the typical home and community of an African American during segregation. Many Africans Americans were too adjusted to the way of living, that they felt†¦show more content†¦The News spread to the black community faster than a forest fire. Enraged African American’s who wanted to stand up for change, and participate in marches were treated horribly. Many discriminating events occurred before many African Americans decided to stand up for themselves, but Dr. King was the spokesperson for many unspoken blacks. Many were too afraid to speak up, which is why the African American community praised Dr. King. Young African American’s had to take an active role because many older adults were set in their ways, too afraid to do anything. Previously learning in school, The NAACP was the primary group focusing on civil rights. Further reading has shown that this is not completely accurate. Per Cleveland sellers, the NAACP was widely known but had setback from certain events. Many students who were involved in sit-ins before the freedom writers were believed to be under the SCLC or NAACP. As in the book, many African Americans only know of the NAACP. The SNCC group was a small student led group that also planned and participated in demonstrations. The SNCC formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement because they felt that the S CLC was out of touch for them. With support from Ella Barker the SNCC worked their way into the movement. The SNCC evolved over time, from being a small unknown student organization, to a very knownShow MoreRelated Langston Hughes Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages Even though his grandmother had a great past and was highly respected in her community, she was very old and poor, and could not give Hughes the attention that he needed growing up. Hughes went to live with his mother in Lincoln, Illinois and Cleveland, Ohio where he went to high school. After the death of Hughes grandmother, he was able to go live with his mother in Lincoln, Ohio for the first time. Here, according to Hughes, he wrote his first verse and was named class poet of his eighthRead More Life and Work of Langston Hughes Essay1980 Words   |  8 Pagesgrandmother, and, after his grandmother’s death, by family friends. By the time he was fourteen, he had lived in Joplin; Buffalo; Cleveland; Lawrence, Kansas; Mexico City; Topeka, Kansas; Colorado Springs; Kansas City; and Lincoln, Illinois. In 1915, he was class poet of his grammar-school graduating class in Lincoln. From 1916 to 1920, he attended Central High School in Cleveland, where he was a star athlete, wrote poetry and short stories (and published many of them in the Central High Monthly), and onRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesthe world and hated his father for mistreating his Mexican employees. Witnessing his fathers tyranny made Langston sick enough to req uire hospitalization. By the end of the summer, Langston was glad to return to school in the United States. 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Journalism UK in a Big Transport Problem

Question: Write a essay on UK in a Big Transport Problem? Answer: The traffic in the roads of the United Kingdom is has doubled in the last few decades. However, the infrastructures of the road have suffered throughout to a great extent in this period. Under the Global Competitiveness Index, the country of United Kingdom has ranked 30th in terms of quality and falls far behind the other European countries such as Germany, Spain, France and Netherlands (Schwab, 2014). A recent example of the deteriorating road has been observed on Peach road in Reading, Berkshire. The Sunday morning turned out to be very gloomy and dangerous for the morning walkers of the residents of the Peach Road (Parking, Roads Transport. (n.d.). Even though it is true that snowfall is creating havoc on the roads it is also true that the roads are not at all in a very good conditions. This is creating a very huge problem for the residents in this area. There have been a huge number of complaints with regard to the conditions of the road. However, nothing much had been done regarding the issue. On Sunday morning, a child of six years narrowly escaped being driven over by a car when he fell down while walking on the rough roads. Mr. Chris Brown, the father of the child seemed quite furious over the issue. He stated that he would definitely make attempts to take the matter to the authorities in charge so that the issue is resolved soon. Most of the people in the neighborhood area echoed his views and stated that an immediate action is the only option that is available for the local authorities. Mrs. Jenifer Smith, a banker and a regular shopper says, I am really having a lot of problem walking. Once the snow is removed it is becoming even more difficult to walk. I also have a back problem and this is simply adding to my agony. The local authorities should immediately take steps to improve the situation. Another morning walker Mr. David Jones had an even more serious issue to be handled. He said, I was walking with my son last night when suddenly my son fell victim to the crater. It was fortunate that the roads where vacant. It seems quite evident that the people in this area is quite miffed with the local authorities and are expecting a quick solution to their problem. However, the government has been quite immune to these problems. Even though the government has been considering this issue lately with a lot of priority, no constructive work has been done in this regard (The road ahead: How will the election result affect UK drivers?; 2015, February 6). There are huge estimations as to adding and improving more than one thousand and three hundred lane miles in more than hundred projects. The accident on Sunday morning did not take place and it is expected that before any such thing happens the local bodies as well the government would take the necessary steps to improve the conditions of the road. References Schwab, K., (2014, December). The global competitiveness report 2014-2015. Geneva: World Economic Forum.The road ahead: How will the election result affect UK drivers? (2015, February 6). The Guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/public-leaders-network/2015/feb/06/road-ahead-transport-policy-may-2015Parking, Roads Transport. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from https://beta.reading.gov.uk/transportandstreets

Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essay Example

Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essay GiGi Orphali 9-17-12 p. 7 Osiris and Isis Creation Myth Mythology opens up a hidden gate of information about the lives of ancient peoples. Through it, modern people have insight to the beliefs and culture of a civilization long since passed. No better example of this exists than the Egyptian tale of Osiris and Isis. According to this tale, when the world first started it was ruled by the benign god Osiris and his equally generous wife, the goddess Isis. Together they ruled the earth and through this time it was a utopia. Crops prospered, people spoke to each other in poetry, and there were no wars. It remained this way until Osiris was trapped by his wicked brother Seth, who then took full control of the world, exposing humanity to its first taste of heartache. Osiris was eventually freed and Seth dethroned, but when it came time to destroy Seth Isis didn’t have the heart. She let him live, and though he still exists he is now a lowly god with less power. This explains the Egyptian belief of why there has to be good and evil in the world. It also explains that since Seth has less power than Osiris, good will always trump evil. The Egyptians were so rare in their day because of their positive outlook on death. We will write a custom essay sample on Osiris and Iris Creation Myth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osiris and Iris Creation Myth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osiris and Iris Creation Myth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While other civilizations around them looked on to death in a craven manner, Egyptians embraced the beauty of the afterlife and the riches to come. All this stemmed from the belief that Osiris, an oh-so-benevolent god, would make their afterlife paradise, as he had once done here on earth. Because the afterlife is ruled by a kind god, it also explains the way to get there. Egyptians believe that through morality and kindness, they will forever be joined with their princely god in paradise. Egyptian culture stressed love and loyalty between husband and wife and that is clearly expressed throughout this myth. The story of Osiris and Isis is punctuated with Isis’s undying devotion to her husband and her willingness to go above and beyond to find him. Though Osiris is lost for many years on more than one occasion, Isis never stops searching for him. Even when he is sent to the afterlife, she follows. Readers can assume from the numerous examples of Isis’s loyalty that this was an important value to the ancient Egyptians. Through Isis modern people can see what the ideal Egyptian wife must have been. Osiris and Isis is a myth that has carried on through the ages, portraying an excellent well of information on what Egyptian culture was. Modern readers can see what the ideals and beliefs of a place (beliefs that are still followed today) which give a better understanding than any history book can. Ancient Egyptians held in high esteem what their gods taught and were quick to follow their example. Their conclusions on the afterlife, polytheistic pantheon and good vs. evil are all expressed in this myth. This myth offers us a glimpse into a long ago world, and is perhaps, along with the pyramids and ancient temples, one of the greatest gifts the ancient Egyptians have given modern society.

On the Role of Women in Colonial Latin America Essays

On the Role of Women in Colonial Latin America Essays On the Role of Women in Colonial Latin America Paper On the Role of Women in Colonial Latin America Paper Early Latin America is a rich and complex social, political, economic, and cultural environment possessing a distinctly Western (European) core constantly influenced by those forces inherent within a colonial system. Out of a mercantist fueled drive for wealth and power arose a new culture dominated by Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) presuppositions concerning religious ideology and cultural mores. At the same time, this newfound society was not fully European as it sought to contain an indigenous Indian population, an African slave population, as well as the increasingly intricate blending of the three. In looking at how the unique blending of groups helped shape the colonial way of life, one can look to the system of castas as the dominant sociopolitical institution and structure of hierarchy which still remains influential within the modern Latin American world view. During the colonial era, social castas intersected with gender to determine the boundaries between what was acceptable and what was not. In looking at the construction of the colonial way of life, women played a unique part in that their place was primarily defined by their relationship to a man or religious institution and yet many were afforded more progressive roles in Latin America then in Europe. While women had more potential to defy cultural norms, they did not enjoy social or sexual equality with men. In addition, they also served as a focal point for the pervasive honour system as they were seen as key to the maintenance of social castas. Thus, female-headed households, women working outside the home, and other such social freedoms were commonly practiced by the plebe but, despite occasional exceptions, were not practiced by those who had honour to maintain. Elite women and those who aspired to be among the gente decente (decent people) were enjoined to defend their virginity, combine motherhood with matrimony, be faithful to their husbands, and thus help maintain the honor of their family and their own purity. The most influential aspect of a womans life was the castas into which she was born. Castas originated from a need to organize people within the colonies, from the Europeans at the top, to the African slaves at the bottom, and the mixed races such as Mestizos and Mulattos throughout. The closer one got to the native Iberian (as opposed to the Creoles who were fully European but born in the Americas), the higher ones social status. This status was fungible as one could move up or down depending on marriage or the purchase of Gracias as sacar (essentially, buying a higher degree of whiteness). Though this one can see, the Latin American tendency to think of race as negotiable spectrum, a ladder through which families might ascend. (Chasteen, 86) This caste / class system permeated every aspect of a womans life. One area upon which a womans caste had a great degree of influence was marriage. Women did not have many choices concerning what to do with their lives. They could join with the church, remain with their families under their father or brothers, and most significantly, get married. Marriage was both a religious and social institution. The marriage contract was a pillar of the Spanish social structure, crucial to the distribution of property. Marriage was a religious sacrament, and religious conformity was serious business in the Spanish Empire. (Chasteen, 56) Socially, it allowed a woman or man to heighten, weaken, or maintain a place within society. In, A Glimpse of Family Life in Colonial Mexico, Kathleen A. Myers uses the life of Madre Maria de San Jose to offer a glimpse of how a womans social caste influences her choices. Because of the caste system, marriages were not made between just economic equals. Marias sisters married well above their social status because of the family prestige and descent from conquistadores. Likewise, her Mother had originally brought most of the wealth into the family but had married into a good family in return. (Myers, 69-71). In addition to bringing honour to the family she married into, a woman also remained a member of her own family after marriage (did not change last names, lose property rights, etc. ). Due in part, to the ability for a womans marriage to elevate or harm the social standing of her own family and her spouse, a womans purity determined the large part of her worth. Women only maintained their purity if they engaged in sexual intercourse after having received a formal promise of marriage; those that had not were forced to have private pregnancies to protect their honor and that of their families. Sexual and other behavior was therefore tightly controlled among elite women while all men and women of lesser value / lower social castas were allowed comparative freedom. The social value of purity was supported by the ideological hegemony of Catholicism. Chasteen, 70) Ideologically, the Judeo-Christian faith has long been used to repress the rights and roles of the female sex by equating the woman with Eve, a temptress whose weak willed sexuality led Adam / man astray from God. The redeemer of the sin brought by woman was born from a pure, non sexual, and subservient virgin. Christian womanhood was explicitly associated with such purity and subservience and priests encouraged women to stay in the house while men provided for the family. Only when placed under male religious guidance could a womans unbridled sexuality be prevented from wrecking havoc on society? (Socolow, 6) Therefore, even though this was not viable for the vast majority of the population, the ideal of female enclosure was applied to all women under Catholicism. This view is reflected in the system of castas. Because only the elite women could achieve the status of a gente decente, it helped to rationalize and reinforce the lack of honour (and thus lack of status) held by the majority. Honour was a cluster of ideas that along with military and religious conquest, justified the hierarchical colonial Spaniards (and their Creole descendants) place within it. (Burkholder, ) Whether slave or fre e, Creole, Spanish, or indigenous Indian, a unique set of ideas defined a womans honour and distinguished it from a mans honour. According to Chasteen, Honour was a measure of how well men and women played their prescribed, and very different, social roles. (Chasteen, 71) The system, with its roots in Christianity, was inherently patriarchic and fathers ruled on both a microcosmic and macrocosmic level. Thus honor for a woman was fixed on her ability to remain sexually pure whereas a mans honour was in defending, (even by bloodshed), the faithfulness of their wives and virginity of their daughters. Chasteen 71) Therefore, women who were without male control/oversight (widows), who worked (the poor, middle class, slaves), and who were part of cultures with different gender relations (indigenous peoples), were automatically see as less honorable, thus helping to maintain the social status quo of white elitism. While there was a system of white privilege and male privilege, it is interesting to note that with increased honour came a decrease in freedom for women. Women of higher class rarely left the home and di d not work. There were exceptions found among women of higher castas but lower income. Such single women, widows, and those with absent husbands would typically resort to those activities which kept them in the home and would have men to actually sell the product or interact socially. Because these economic activities avoided direct entry into public space, they were acceptable for those among the finer class. (Socolow, 114) While upper class women were confined to the private sphere, plebian women throughout the Americas worked in a variety of fields and while it was not the norm, women were allowed to own businesses and property. Women across races engaged in commercial activity, acted as merchants, grocers, and in agricultural positions. In Mexico City, one-third of all sellers of tobacco products were women (Socolow, 45) many women also worked in domestic positions such as maids and wet nurses which tended to be the highest paying. However, women who worked were not seen as having the same degree of honour as those who were protected and thus their lives were often categorized by humiliation, and verbal, physical, and sexual mistreatment. (Socolow p 118) Through all of this one can see the wide array of factors that influences the lives of colonial Latin American women. While there were some notable exceptions, most women remained firmly within their constrained social roles as ordained by the patriarchic hegemony of Catholicism. This worldview influenced the whole of Latin America, from the Brazilian slave, to the newly arrived Spaniard. The sphere in which one operated was entrenched within the cultural mores of the era and helped to maintain the system of castas. The responsibility of the woman was to keep pure, thus maintaining her honor and that of her family. Ideally this was achieved by isolation from potentially corrupting factors and thus it is ironic that more social freedom was afforded to those women who were deemed less worthy. Because so few women could afford the honorable lifestyle, women in the Americas experienced a much higher degree of social freedom then those in Europe as they often played an important part of the economic sector. Despite this freedom, women on the lower end of the social spectrum dealt with a variety of hardships and the legacy of race and gender relations remains difficult to overcome even in the present era.

Life is Beautiful essays

Life is Beautiful essays Throughout the course of history there have been events for which we are immensely proud of, and events that make us sick to our stomach. One such sickening time period was in the late 1930's and early 1940's during World War II when Nazi Germany strategically eliminated people of the Jewish faith. Because the events of World War II evoke such strong emotions, there have been many films made portraying the brutal carelessness for life that many Germans had. Usually these films take a completely serious approach to this issue, however Life is Beautiful does not. In 1997 Director Roberto Benigni released this movie to provide a never before seen viewpoint of the holocaust. Combining romance, comedy and tragedy, Life is Beautiful won three Oscars including best picture in 1997. It takes place in Italy for the first half of the movie where the main character, Guido Orefice, enjoys life to its fullest in an Italian city. Through a series of romantic and humorous events he meets the love of his life and they are on the verge of living happily ever after. That is where the movie changes face and Guido and his son, both Jewish, are taken by the Nazis. When his wife realizes what has happened, she demands to board the train to the concentration camp as well. In an effort to explain to his son what is happening to them, Guido makes up an elaborate story to satisfy his sons questions. Things appear to be improving for the family when Benigni meets a friend of his at the camp, only to find out he is a Nazi and will not help them. Then the war ends and it looks as if they can escape until Guido is captured and then killed. Thanks to Guidos ultimate sacrifice his son and wife are re-united in the end. Life is Beautiful was very accurate in terms of setting and costumes it used. Using bright and vivid colours at the beginning accentuated how great Guidos life was i...

Environmental radiation survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental radiation survey - Essay Example It is paramount for the user to wear protective gears owing to the health hazards that radiations cause. When taking measurements, it is significant for the user to adjust the device accordingly so as to have the reading in desired units. In addition, the user needs to turn on the alarm component that activates the auditory and indicating lamp whenever the set-point is exceeded. The alarm system will be operated by an acknowledgement switch that can also serve to adjust the rating that further widens the range. This precaution will prevent exceeding of the range where the maximum reading will not be the correct one. After taking these precautions, the user should make the reading and record the same accordingly. After making the required reading, the user should disengage the device from all presetting done on it. This is a precautionary exercise that will make it easier for a consecutive user to work with the device. Being a lab apparatus or industrial equipment, the device requires proper handling and storage. If the device will not be used in the near future, it is advisable to remove the

Top ten recommendations and justification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Top ten recommendations and justification - Essay Example More than 120 gallons of paint should not be stored in any one storage cabinet. More than three such cabinets shall not be kept in a single storage area. Such storage is against security norms; such storage will make rescue operations difficult. 5. Quantities in excess of this shall be stored in an inside storage room. Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be stacked one upon the other. This may lead to damage to the containers and spilling of paint. 6. Within 200 feet of each pile of containers, there shall be a 12-foot-wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus. This is necessary for agile and easy execution of fire control operations. 9. Materials which will create fire when they react with water shall not be stored in the rooms where paint is stored. Water is so commonplace a substance that it may be casually and carelessly handled by people, thus reacting with such substances and causing fire hazard. 10. Electrical wiring and equipment located in storage rooms shall be approved for ‘Class I, Division 1, Hazardous Locations’. This is elementary guard against short circuits that may lead to fire

American Airlines Flight Essay Example for Free

American Airlines Flight Essay Through his 1997 Airframe novel, Michael Crichton describes Casey Singleton’s response after a plane that was manufactured by Norton Aircraft experiences an accident while in flight. Singleton is a quality assurance officer at Norton Aircraft. Does the story accurately portray an aircraft manufacturer’s response to an accident? By demonstrating that following the accident, Norton Aircraft works hard to ensure that it (Norton Aircraft) does not only ascertain the genesis of the accident, but also to try to exonerate itself from any culpability, Crichton presents an accurate picture of aircraft manufacturers’ reaction to plane accidents. To illustrate, Singleton puts forth great efforts to investigate the facts behind the accident (Crichton, 1996). It is notable that a Singleton is not interested in the numerous aspects that usually surround pane mishaps. Rather, she seeks to establish who erred with regard to the accident. This is the typical reaction of aircraft manufacturers after plane accidents; they seek to apportion blame rather than solve the problem. Does the story accurately portray the media’s response to an aircraft accident? Crichton also presents a credible description of how the news-hungry media usually responds after plane accidents. It is undisputable that media houses jostle to present that so-called ‘exclusive’ story to the public after air accidents. This trend is clearly exhibited by the plans by a local media house to air a sensational news program that has somewhat maliciously dubbed the ill-fated plane a ‘deathtrap’. The author thus describes and critiques the sensational attitude that the media shows towards plane accidents. What was your overall impression of the story? After studying Crichton’s story, I was pleased with the author’s description of events that closely resemble real-life aviation accidents. For example, in describing the circumstances as well as the cause of the accident, Crichton draws parallels with the American Airlines Flight 191 fatal crash. In addition, Singleton’s investigations reveal that the accident was partly caused by the captain’s error of allowing his inexperienced son to take charge of the aircraft. Similarly, the Aeroflot flight 593 mishap in 1994 originated from the pilot’s mistake of permitting his inexperienced son to man the flight. Discerning such parallels to real-life events makes me to like the novel owing to its seeming applicability in contemporary mishaps. On the other hand, after closely examining Crichton’s plot, I have deduced several themes which make the author’s text very significant. For example, the author describes events that seek to show that air accidents are usually blamed on the wrong parties. In this case, John Marder and his associates try to place the blame for the accident squarely on Singleton. After her investigations, Singleton however detects that the fault was in the person who was operating the aircraft, particularity the pilot. The author thus demonstrates that innocent and vulnerable parties usually unjustly carry the blame for plane accidents. This candid portrayal of the blame games that accompany plane accidents is an aspect that makes the author’s work worthy of praise. In addition, I marveled at Crichton’s demonstration that humans, as opposed to mechanical failures, are the main cause of plane accidents. The author thus eradicates the popular notion that machine failure is normally the major culprit behind plane accidents. To illustrate, the aircraft is functional as per Singleton’s investigations. Human error, in form of improper maintenance coupled with operational errors; make the plane to have the accident. Crichton thus debunks a popular myth related to aircraft accidents through the novel’s events. This aspect makes me to really like the author’s bluntness and originality. References Crichton, M. (1996). Airframe. New York: Knopf.

Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay -- Sherriff Journeys end essays

Sherriff's "Journey's End" On many occasions throughout the book of the play of "Journeys End", Sherriff uses methods to re-create the overwhelming stress of trench warfare. He describes every aspect of the trenches, the guns and the whole life. With this understanding of the trenches, the audience are helped in imagining what it must have been like to live there. In the play, all the narrative writing in the book has had to have been left out. Instead the directors must rely more on the acting and the scenery, which is not to do with Sherriff's work and vision. However the directors of these plays have to get the scenery correct if they are going to make the audience understand the unbearable stress suffered by the soldiers. Sherriff gives good guidance to the directors in the large columns of narratives, which have already been mentioned. With these the directors can strategically set the scenery in certain position to gain maximum effect while also having the benefit of knowing what the stage is meant to look like adding to the overall effects. The main way in which Sherriff re-creates the stress of warfare is in his large chunks of narrative. These are found on many pages throughout the book. He uses these to describe all about the lives of the men and the feelings of everyone. An example of this is on the first page where he introduces a very full-characterised captain. Of course these passages help the directors to grasp some aspect of the way the stage should look but also allows the reader to get his or her own picture in her head. With so many descriptive words throughout the book, it is hard not to imagine the front line in one way or another. This method is very effective as it does give ... ...the end of the book he re introduces Stanhope as an inspiration and tries to please him in many ways. Raleigh uses Stanhope has an idle to get him through the stress. The other way in which he looks to avoid the stress is by sending letters to his family, and having general conversations like the one with Osborne where Raleigh finds out Osborne played rugby for England. Other generalised ways in which the men in the book deal with the stress is through patriotism. Frequent jokes are made about the Germans and many of the troops, including officers only stay and fight because they feel the Germans are doing the world an injustice. Many of the men believe they are fighting for the safety of Britain and their families. The silence of the war is frequently mentioned throughout the book and many of the men gather in unity and sing songs to banish the quiet.

Crito Analysis Essay

Rhetorical Question: â€Å"But my dear Crito, why should we pay so much attention to what ‘most people’ think? The reasonable people, who have more claim to be considered, will believe that the facts are exactly as they are† (906). Personification: â€Å"’Consider then, Socrates,’ the Laws would probably continue, ‘whether it is also true for us to say that what you are trying to do to us is not right†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (913). Plato’s â€Å"Crito† is one of the many tremendously influential pieces of literature produced in ancient Greece. It is a thought-provoking, philosophical discussion regarding the role of the individual within society, and how to treat injustice. As part of a series of imaginary dialogues between Socrates and other characters, â€Å"Crito† deals with the conflict Socrates is presented with, as he awaits execution. Crito, one of Socrates’ close friends, urges Socrates to escape prison while he still can. Crito offers several arguments to justify his escape, including the shame he would endure from the public for letting his friend die, and the poor example it would set for the children of Athens. However, Socrates carefully analyzes each of Crito’s arguments for escaping, and proves them invalid through logic and deductive reasoning. The passage, â€Å"But my dear Crito, why should we pay so much attention to what ‘most people’ think? T he reasonable people, who have more claim to be considered, will believe that the facts are exactly as they are† (906), demonstrates the method that Socrates uses to persuade. Socrates asks a rhetorical question to expose the silliness of the Crito’s worries. It represents the wisdom and morals of Socrates. Crito’s strongest argument is that Socrates would be promoting injustice by accepting his unfair sentence. However, Socrates disproves this point as well, by reasoning that he would be harming the Law by escaping death. Socrates, who has tried to live his life as justly and peacefully as possible, would be breaking every moral he ever lived by if he chose to turn against the law. He regards the Law higher than his own life. He sees the Law as a father to him; it has raised him, educated him, and allowed him to live a comfortable life. No matter how much he disagrees with its ways, he cannot bring himself to disobey it. Throughout Socrates’ discussions, he often has conversations with himself and the â€Å"Law†. Plato personifies the â€Å"Law† by giving it human-like qualities and speech; it is suggested that the Law can be hurt, and angry. He does this to distinguish it as a character that has feelings. For example, â€Å"’†¦you will leave this place, when you do, as the victim of a wrong done not by us, the Laws, but by your fellow men. But if you leave in that dishonorable way, returning wrong from wrong, and evil for evil, breaking your agreements with us, and injuring those whom you least ought to injure – yourself, your country, and us ,- then you will face our anger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (916), demonstrates the authority of the Law. Socrates suggests it is better to die a victim who has lived justly and killed unjustly, than to return the injustice and hurt the Laws. He states, â€Å"†¦it is never right to do a wrong or return a wrong or defend one†™s self against injury by retaliation† (911), which exemplifies the belief that injustice cannot be treated with injustice. Socrates mentions an agreement being broken in this passage; this alludes to the belief that there is a social contract between the individual and government. Socrates reasons that when a citizen lives in Athens, he is indirectly supporting the laws and abiding them. The individual has a moral obligation to the government. While it is beneficial to challenge the government under some circumstances, one threatens the foundation of a stable society by breaking its laws. Socrates, who has lived 70 years of Athenian life, is content by living in accordance with this contract. He feels a state simply cannot exist if laws have no power. He firmly believes in the importance of strict laws, as he calls them the most precious achievement of human history. Besides, he reasons that a man of his age, with little life left to live, would lose his reputation by †Å"clinging so greedily to life, at the price of violating the most stringent laws† (915). For all these reasons, â€Å"Crito† remains an influential piece that poses big questions and promotes critical thinking.

Psy 300

|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/300 | | |General Psychology |Copyright  © 2009, 2006, by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will be made to the human experience. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Kowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: The Science of Psychology | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Examine the major underlying assumptions of the various schools of thought in psychology. | | | |Explain how psychological research applies to various aspects of personal and social life. | | | | |Determine what guidelines should be applied to the evaluation of psychological research and | | | | |practices. | | | | |Identify ethical dilemmas that may arise in psychological research. | | | |Describe the basic biological foundations of psychology. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 1–3 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out 7 days |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | |Day 5 | | |Nongraded Activities and |Use the link on the student web page to access and view the following video clips: | | | |Preparation | | | | |MyPsychLab |Branches of Psychology | | | | |The Complexity of Humans | | | |Learning Team Instructions |Resources: Learning Team Toolkit |Day 7 |2 | | |Complete the Learning Team Charter. | | | |Individual Foundations of |Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you examine the foundations of psychology.In |Day 7 |10 | |Psychology Paper |your paper be sure to address the following components: | | | | | | | | | |Identify the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying | | | | |assumptions. | | | | |Identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. | | | | | | | | | |Prepare to discuss this paper in class. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Week Two: Sensation and Perception | |Learning | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Describe the concepts of transduction and absolute threshold. | | | |Examine sensation as it relates to the visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory | | | | |systems. | | | | |Distinguish sensation from perception. | | | | |Explore the conditioning processes involved with learning. | | | | |Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. | | | | |Define unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, reinforcement, shaping, and extinction. | | | |Examine cognitive-social models of learning. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 4 & 5 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Activities and Preparation |Use the link on the student web page to access and view the following video clips: | | | | | | | | | |A Nobel-Winning Study in Feat ure Detectors | | | | |Frequency and Amplitude of Sound Waves | | | | |The Shaping Process | | | | | | | | | |Learning Team: Outline for Week 3 Paper | | | | | |Day 7 |4 | |Individual |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss phobias and addictions as related |Day 7 |10 | |Phobias and Addictions Paper |to classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and addictions are two emotional difficulties| | | | |which learning theorists can account for. Be sure to include the following: | | | | | | | | | |Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning. | | | | |Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. | | | |Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. | | | | |Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant | | | | |conditioning. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Week Three: Memory, Thought, Language, and Intelligence | | |Details |Due |Po ints | |Objectives | | | | | |Examine the processes of memory and information processing. | | | | |Describe short-term memory and long-term memory in relationship to each other. | | | | |Compare and contrast language, thought, reasoning, and problem solving. | | | |Explore the definitions of intelligence and the validity of intelligence measurements. | | | | |Articulate the relationship between memory and intelligence. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 6–8 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual Gardner |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss the theory of multiple |Day 7 |10 | |Intelligence paper |intelligences developed by Howard Gardner. Pick three and discuss how each can have an | | | | |impact on your personal success.Below is a list of the eight intelligences: | | | | | | | | | |Linguistic | | | | |Musical | | | | |Logical-Mathematical | | | | |Naturalist | | | | |Spatial | | | | |Bodily-Kinesthetic | | | | |Intrapersonal | | | | |Interpersonal | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Learning Team Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss the type of environment that |Day 7 |10 | |Sensation, Perception, and |facilitates the attention and perceptive processes of each Learning Team member. In order to | | | |Attention Paper |prepare your report, perform the following activities: | | | | | | | | | |Conduct an open dialogue about each team member’s threshold for auditory stimuli. | | | | | | | | |Compare the experiences and comfort levels of each team member with dichotic listening, or | | | | |the â€Å"cocktail party† phenomenon. | | | | | | | | | |Discuss how dividing attention facilitates or impedes each team memberâ⠂¬â„¢s learning. | | | | | | | | |Identify and articulate what you see as the sensory perception problem involved. | | | | | | | | | |Make recommendations and ground rules that will accommodate the auditory sensation, | | | | |perception, and attention to learning during your Learning Team meetings. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Week Four: Motivation and Personality | |Human Development | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Examine basic theories of motivation. | | | |Compare and contrast theories of personality in terms of how they explain an individual’s | | | | |unique patterns and traits. | | | | |Determine the usefulness and the limitations of personality testing. | | | | |Identify basic theories of development. | | | | |Distinguish between the influences of heredity and environment on psychological development. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 10, 12, & 13, of Psychology. | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reser ve Readings | | | | | | | | | |Learning Team: Outline for the week 5 paper |Day 7 |4 | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | | Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual |Resources: Articles located through the University Library or other sources |Day 7 |10 | |Life Span Development and | | | | |Personality Paper |Select a famous individual from the 20th or 21st centuries. Conduct research concerning the | | | | |background of your selected individual to determine what forces have impacted his or her life| | | | |from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. | | | | | | | | |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you address the following items: | | | | | | | | | |Distinguish between the influences of heredity and environment on the person’s psychological | | | | |development. Be sure to specify which area of psychological development: moral, emotional, or| | | | |other. | | | | | | | | | |What family issues or social support systems may have influenced the person’s developmental | | | | |growth and adjustment? | | | | | | | | |Select two different theories of personality and apply them to your selected figure, and | | | | |answer the following question: How does each theory differ in terms of how it explains the | | | | |individual's unique patterns or traits? | | | | | | | | | |Explain which theoretical approach you believe best explains the individual's behaviors and | | | | |achievements.Make sure to explain why you made this choice. | | | | | | | | | |Use a minimum of three sources and be prepared to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Week Five: Social Psychology | |Abnormal Psychology and Therapy | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Analyze precursors and consequences of human interaction in terms of social psychology | | | | |concepts. | | | | |Explore basic concepts of human interaction from a social psychology perspective. | | | | |Define abnormal psychology in contrast to â€Å"normal psychology. † | | | | |Examine mental disorders and mental illness from the psychological perspective. | | | |Compare and contrast therapies designed for each school of thought in psychology for treating| | | | |mental disorders. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 14-17 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual |Resources: Articles located through the University library or other sources |Day 7 |10 | |Social Influences on Behavior | | | | |Paper |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you examine basic concepts of human interaction| | | | |from a psychology perspect ive. In your examination, describe at least two examples of how | | | | |human behavior changes based on social situations. In your description be sure to address the| | | | |following: | | | | | | | | |Describe the specific behaviors. | | | | | | | | | |Describe the context in which the behaviors occurred. | | | | | | | | | |Analyze precursors and consequences of the behaviors in terms of social psychology concepts. | | | | | | | | |Identify any associated phenomenon with your selected behaviors, such as social facilitation,| | | | |social loafing, or groupthink. | | | | | | | | | |Determine if the exhibited behaviors necessitate therapeutic intervention. | | | | | | | | |Prepare to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Learning Team |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss abnormal psychology and therapy. In|Day 7 |10 | |Abnormal Psychology and |your paper, be sure to address each one of the follo wing items: | | |Therapy Paper | | | | | |Compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. | | | | |Examine at least two mental disorders and two mental illnesses from the perspective of | | | | |psychology. | | | | |Discuss the similarities and differences among the therapies for each school of thought in | | | | |psychology for treating mental disorders. | | | | |Use a minimum of three sources and be prepared to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited i n accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.

The British North America Act (BNA Act)

The British North America Act (BNA Act) The British North America Act or BNA Act created the Dominion of Canada in 1867. It is now referred to as the Constitution Act, 1867, as it is the basis of the countrys constitution. History of the BNA Act The BNA Act was drafted by Canadians at the Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation in 1864 and passed without amendment by the British Parliament in 1867. The BNA Act was signed by Queen Victoria on March 29, 1867, and came into effect on July 1, 1867. It solidified Canada West (Ontario), Canada East (Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as the four provinces of the confederation. The BNA Act serves as a base document for the Canadian Constitution, which is not a single document but rather a set of documents known as Constitution Acts and, just as importantly, a set of unwritten laws and conventions. The BNA Act set out the rules for the government of the new federal nation. It established a British style parliament with an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate and set out the division of powers between the federal government and provincial governments. The written text of the division of powers in the BNA Act can be misleading, however, as case law plays a significant part in the division of powers between governments in Canada. The BNA Act Today Since the first act forming the Dominion of Canada in 1867, 19 other acts were passed, until some of them were amended or repealed by the Constitution Act, 1982. Until 1949, only the British Parliament could make amendments to the acts, but Canada assumed  full control over its constitution with the passage of the Canada Act in 1982. Also in 1982, the BNA Act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867.

Free Energy Definition in Science

Free Energy Definition in Science The phrase free energy has multiple definitions in science: Thermodynamic Free Energy In physics and physical chemistry, free energy refers to the amount of internal energy of a thermodynamic system that is available to perform work. There are different forms of thermodynamic free energy: Gibbs free energy is the energy that may be converted into work in a system that is at constant temperature and pressure. The equation for Gibbs free energy is: G H – TS where G is Gibbs free energy, H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy. Helmholtz free energy is energy that may be converted into work at constant temperature and volume. The equation for Helmholtz free energy is: A U – TS where A is the Helmholtz free energy, U is the internal energy of the system, T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin) and S is the entropy of the system. Landau free energy describes energy of an open system in which particles and energy may be exchanged with the surroundings. The equation for Landau free energy is: ÃŽ © A - ÃŽ ¼N U - TS - ÃŽ ¼N where N is the number of particles and  ÃŽ ¼ is  chemical potential. Variational Free Energy In information theory, variational free energy is a construct used in variational Bayesian methods. Such methods are used to appoximate intractable integrals for statistics and machine learning. Other Definitions In environmental science and economics, the phrase free energy is sometimes used to refer to renewable resources or any energy that does not require monetary payment. Free energy may also refer to the energy that powers a hypothetical perpetual motion machine. Such a device violates the laws of thermodynamics, so this definition presently refers to a pseudoscience rather than hard science. Sources Baierlein, Ralph (2003). Thermal Physics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65838-1.Mendoza, E. (1988). Clapeyron, E.; Carnot, R., eds. Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire – and other Papers on the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-44641-7.Stoner, Clinton D. (2000). Inquiries into the Nature of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics.  Entropy Vol. 2.

Whos Cheap by Adair Lara Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whos Cheap by Adair Lara - Article Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Adair Lara in  Who’s Cheap starts off the article by recounting her second date with a guy who came across as cheap to the author when he didn’t offer to help pay for gas. She stated that he was â€Å"as cheap as a two-dollar watch† (Adair, 68). Her response, in my opinion, is justified – anyone including myself in her position would be appalled. I remember that once, while I had some financial constraints, I did not pay my share of the bill with old friends, and despite knowing me, I got labeled as the cheap guy. Lara says that this reaction is commonly found amongst women. Yet they do not elicit the same reaction as males do. She wonders why this double standard still continues. She then states her main point of some traits being gender specific when it comes to distaste towards them. She particularly says that â€Å"men are beneath contempt when they are cheap† (Adair 68). I wholeheartedly agree wi th her on this point. Being a male, I have to constantly be careful in social situations, as men are quickly termed cheap, whereas my sister does not have to put in the same effort. She does say that despite women making as much and sometimes more than their male counterparts, it is usually considered ‘proper’ for a man to pick the check in a restaurant as well as offering to pay whenever the occasion arises. She does not actually state it as such up to this point in the article that what she really means is that men should always pay regardless of financial standing in comparison with the female. This idea is strengthened throughout the article. Even though this seems like a sexist stance for her to take, but once again, I can testify to the truth thereof. If I go out on a date, everyone would expect me to pay, interestingly enough, I was accosted by my mother once when I had the check divided between me and my date, with my dad saying that men were supposed to pick up the tab. Adair also states that some men are stingy by nature which is correct but in my opinion should be expanded to contain both genders. I have known some very stingy females in my life just as the author admits to. Once again it is not a trait that is gender specific yet more unpleasant when displayed by males. So this part of her argument I agree with. She also writes about a friend of hers dumping her boyfriend when he acted cheap on a movie date by handing her M&M’s one by one. I found this incident hilarious but find it hard to say how I would react in a similar situation. What might appear normal to some may be abominable to others. For example, she mentions how her own date she writes about at the beginning of the article, loved talking about purchasing his car, a feat that was likened to â€Å"buying shoes† (68) in her native California, by the author. Perhaps the author was a bit harsh on him without knowing the motive behind the act. Maybe the guy had to struggle to purchase the car and considered it an achievement which he wanted to share with those close to him. Once again, perhaps it depends on the person’s perspective or how the words are actually delivered.  

Critique Of Script 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique Of Script 2 - Essay Example The target audience who is in the American society will therefore identify with the story line with coercion. The story line is great and equally entertaining, however, the author does not employ a lot of descriptive language in the script. The story entails an eye witness giving an account of his observation. This does not meet the required threshold and as the script continues it becomes evident that the help of the eye witness was insignificant. It is understandable that they eye witness maybe affected by shock or may never relate the entire scenario as expected but the author does not effectively describe the eye witness as such and therefore leaves the audience guessing on the actual occurrence of the scene. However, the general description is satisfactory thereby earning him an above average score. The author performs exceptionally well in his selection of characters. The American society is constituted of various pressure groups some of which identify discrimination even before an author would possibly think of any. However, the author beats this by balancing his author composition effectively. One of the lead characters in the story, Laura is a woman (Marty 2). Additionally, there are a number of other women characters as the story progresses. This is an indication that the author gave adequate considerations to the gender balance. Additionally, there are other types of racial combination of the American population; the author considers this by using a number of African American characters alongside other marginalized community such as Asians alongside the American whites. This balance in demographic factors of population earns him a nine out of the all possible ten. This being a script, it is obvious of the type of style that the audience expects the author to use. He achieves this by making use of dialogues all in the present tense. This is a basic test that the experienced author easily passes.

Assessment of recent developments in financial reporting Essay - 1

Assessment of recent developments in financial reporting - Essay Example 84). This essay focuses on the most recent trends in UK financial reporting standards analysed on the example of the Annual Report of BAA plc for 2004/05. The essay argues that the movement towards convergence with international accounting standards is helpful enough to provide shareholders with more transparent information on companies' performance. Yet, changes that are made have their drawbacks, which are also discussed. Standartisation in accounting becomes of greater importance as business relations continue to stretch over national borders converging into an integrated global international environment. A number of companies operating worldwide increases; therefore it is more effective to prepare one universal report for shareholders of different countries rather than make adjustments along with national accounting regulation policies. It is a global trend with the UK finding itself in the middle of it. "The progress toward attaining a global financial reporting framework has accelerated, and many significant steps have been taken The restructuring program, begun in 2000, is the culmination of a series of movements toward the global convergence of accounting standards" (Casabona and Shoaf 2002, p. 16). .. "The drive for international accounting standards seems out of all proportion to the benefits. Most of the issues are so arcane as to be a million miles from those increasingly rare parts of economy where wealth is actually created" (Hilton 2004, p. 35). Nevertheless the industry (and surely, financial reporting is the one) grows larger and requires additional activities to be implemented by companies guaranteeing their reports will be easily understood throughout the world. For instance, BAA has stated in its annual report 2004/05 the following matters that were changed: - Recognition of the annual valuation surplus on investment properties in the income statement - Recognition in the income statement of fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments, subject to hedge accounting - Recognition of derivative financial instruments and related hedge accounting entries in the balance sheet - Separation in the balance sheet of the debt and equity elements of BAA's convertible bonds, and a consequential increased finance cost recorded in the income statement - Recognition of a charge for share-based payments in the income statement - Valuation of the majority of operational land assets on transition and use of this as the deemed cost for future periods, in accordance with the first-time adoption rules of IFRS - Recognition of additional deferred tax liabilities, particularly in relation to temporary differences arising on investment property and operational land revaluations - Recognition in the balance sheet of proposed dividends only when approved - Changes to the format of primary statements. To be more illustrative rather than descriptive the essay goes on

Understand health and safety in social care settings Essay Example for Free

Understand health and safety in social care settings Essay There are many accidents and sudden illnesses that may occur within a social care setting. Some of the most common ones are: †¢Slips, trips and falls †¢Burns and scalds †¢Sprains and strains †¢Choking and breathing difficulties †¢Diarrhoea and sickness †¢Cardiac arrest †¢Loss of consciousness These accidents and sudden illnesses happen to either the carers, service users or visitors. Sprain and strains usually happen to a carer when they are moving and handling. This could be due to poor training. Slips, trips and falls are common within care settings mainly due to poor mobility of the individual or poor eyesight may contribute. Burns and scalds can happen to the service user and the carers either when preparing food and drink or serving and consuming them. Choking and breathing difficulties often occur when the individual has trouble chewing and swallowing food. Loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest can be attributed to old age and illness. Diarrhoea and sickness can spread quite easily in a social care setting as there is a lot of close contact between carers and the individuals they care for. You should always follow your company’s policies and procedures when an accident or sudden illness occurs. Tis may be providing first aid, only if trained. If the accident or illness is of a more serious nature then it may be necessary to seek the advice of a medical professional either by calling an ambulance or requesting to see a GP. In the event of an accident it is important that an accident report form is completed and details are also recorded on the individual’s personal file. It is of the utmost importance that he individual involved in the accident or illness and others around them are protected from future incidents. In the case of an accident it may be necessary to assess the hazards and risks and preventative measures to be put in place to minimise the chances of the accident re-occurring. It is very important that first aid tasks are carried out by qualified first aiders. This is to prevent further damage occurring to the injured individual. Even if they feel it is in the best interests of the injured individual someone without proper first aid training can make an injury worse by providing incorrect treatment. This may be by giving chest compressions wrong, the chance of survival will probably be minimal if chest compressions are not given correctly and medical assistance does not arrive quickly but serious injuries can occur by giving the compressions in the wrong place and too hard. Removing foreign bodies can cause a lot of extra damage to the individual as it may have gone in cleanly whereas moving it may cause extra bleeding and more damage to the tissue. If you fail to follow emergency first aid procedures they can be several consequences. As a first aider one of the first things that needs to be assessed is, is the area safe for others to approach. By not carrying out this first important step can mean that others may get injured. It can make a difference to an individual whether they receive first aid treatment or not. If the individual does not receive essential first aid then they may experience further complications or their injuries or illness may worsen. The result of not receiving first aid may even be death. Within the workplace if a designated first aider refuses to provide first aid, unless it is unsafe to do so, they may come under disciplinary or even legal action for negligence.

Politics of the Network Society :: What is Politics?

In End of Millennium (2nd. ed., Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000), Manuel Castells makes much of the change from Industrialism (which he defines as a mode of development in which the main sources of productivity are the quantitative increases of factors of production and the use of new sources of energy) to Informationism (defined as the mode of development in which the main source of productivity is the qualitative capacity to optimize the combination and use of the factors of production on the basis of knowledge and information). This transformation of economics, he says, is inseperable from the rise of a new social structure, the NETWORK SOCIETY. Here, he says, the primary shift is located in the material foundations of our existence: that is, space and time. We have gone from a conception of space as "place" to a conception of space as "flows." Similarly, we have gone from a conception of time as "clock time" to a conception of time as "timeless time." Additionally, he makes much of t he shift from the POLITICS of space/time to the politics of information: that is, a politics enacted by symbol manipulation rather than material manipulation. This "symbol manipulation," he says, occurs in the abstract space of the media in the form of representation, etc. Basically, he takes this idea and applies it to current conflicts in the world today. He makes a huge, complicated argument that the USSR fell because of statism/communism's inability to adapt to this system; and he also argues that China, etc. have surged economically in recent years precisely because they were able to incorporate their old political ideologies with this very real change that has ocurred in the world market. More importantly for our project, he brings in the notion (based on what seems to me like neoMarxism) of SOCIAL EXCLUSION: that is, the new form of cultural imperialism in which the "First World" systemmatically excludes what he calls the "New Fourth World" by keeping them from the mainstream technology and markets which are the driving forces behind informational capitalism. In doing so, the fourth world are forced into a position of "uselessness" compared with the rest of the world; and they are quickly forced into a devastating pattern of exporting only their raw materials (the only resources left after exclusion) to the first world. This, of course, leads to intense nationalism, hatred, and anything other tactic that allows the new fourth world to hold on to anything resembling an identity.

Mamma Mia! the Musical: History and Music

Mamma Mia! is hit Broadway musical that celebrates the music of ABBA, a 1970’s Swedish pop group.   It includes over 20 original ABBA songs, the most famous of which is Mamma Mia, which lends itself to the title of the musical.   The musical is based on a book written by British author Catherine Johnson, and the music was primarily written by Benny Andersson and Bjà ¶rn Ulvaeus of ABBA. ABBA began in the 1970’s in Sweden, and became famous when the group won the 1974 Eurovision song writing contest.   It consisted of four members: Benny Andersson, Bjà ¶rn Ulvaeus, Ani-Frid Lyngstad, and Agnetha Faltskog.   It is from their first names that the group’s name came.   They wrote songs that became extremely popular world-wide, including Dancing Queen (which was number one on charts across the world, including the US.   It was only song to become number one in the US), Waterloo (the song that won the Eurovision contest), and of course, Mamma Mia.   All of these popular songs, and more, are included in the show that became Mamma Mia! (Mamma Mia official site). Catherine Johnson’s book tells a story about a daughter (Sophie) who is about to get married, but she doesn’t know who her own father is.   She is living on a Greek island paradise, and invites the three potential candidates to the island to see her – the first time they’ve all set foot on the island in 20 years (Harry, Bill, and Sam).   She tries to figure out which one of these men is her father while hiding this from her mother, Donna, who won’t talk about her past.   Her goal is to have her real father walk her down the aisle. Ultimately, her mother walks her down the aisle because everyone realizes that they don’t know who her real father is, but that it doesn’t matter – they will all be a part of her life.   She also realizes she doesn’t actually want to get married, so her mother ends up marrying one of the three men (Sam) instead, and Sophie and her fiancà © go off to travel the world (Wikipedia). The musical is interspersed with songs like Does Your Mother Know, Super-Trouper, Lay All Your Love on Me, and more.   Many of the songs are not used in their original context, but are used in key parts of the musical.   For example, the original lyrics in Does Your Mother Know are sung by a man who is asking his underage date if her mother know she’s seeing him.   In the musical, it is sung by women and used to ask Sophie if her mother knows she’s invited these men to the island (Wikipedia). The original idea for the musical was conceived in 1989 by Judy Craymer, and was to use popular ABBA songs in the new context of a musical.   Bjà ¶rn and Benny had attempted to write their own musical in the 70’s, consisting of songs like Thank You for the Music (now used in Mamma Mia!) and others, but it was never completed.   Lending songs to a musical that was completed and performed was obviously something they were interested in.   In May 1999, 10 years after the original idea, Mamma Mia! was born, and made its debut in London theaters.   While the creators and producers were initially worried about audience reception, it was an instant success, and went on to play all over Britain, and then in the United States on Broadway. The U.S. debut was in 2000, and has since played in many Broadway and off-Broadway theaters throughout the country.   It is playing simultaneously in more theaters than any other musical.   Today, it is estimated that over 20 million people have seen the show (Mamma Mia official website).   The show has toured all major US cities and many minor ones as well, and continues to play on Broadway.   There are several casts that are performing the show at any given time. The show is now playing world-wide, including in Japan, Sweden, and other European countries.   It is estimated that 1.3 million people have seen the show in one of these countries.   The show has swept not only the English-speaking countries, but the entire world.   The soundtrack is also available in different languages for the diverse audience members. Typical advertising lines include â€Å"People are singing in their seats and dancing in the aisles† when they see the musical.   Also, audience members are encouraged to sing along during the encore, which consists of three songs sung earlier in the musical; there are 22 unique songs in all.  Ã‚   Audiences consist of people of all ages, as the musical is family friendly and the music is loved not only by the older generation that grew up with it, but also by the younger generation becoming familiar with it for the first time (Mamma Mia! official site). The combination of familiar, well-loved songs with a new, exciting story is what makes Mamma Mia! what it is.   Many of the adults in world were growing up during the 1970’s and spent a lot of time listening to ABBA music.   Their songs topped charts around the world from their debut in 1974 straight through the mid-80’s.   They produced several greatest hits CDs, include ABBA Gold and More Gold, which together include over 40 songs.   ABBA continues to play on â€Å"oldies† radios today, and their music has been passed down to younger generations. The music is so upbeat and exciting and perfect for the stage that when it was combined with the cute and interesting story by Catherine Johnson, it was well-received and well-loved.   Mamma Mia! will likely continue to play in theaters throughout the country for several more years, as it continues to be an exciting, fun show for all to enjoy. Bibliography â€Å"Mamma Mia!† Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.   Modified Dec. 8, 2006.   Accessed December 12, 2006.   Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamma_Mia! â€Å"Mamma-Mia Official Website.†Ã‚   Accessed December 12, 2006.   Website: http://www.mamma-mia.com/

Negative Effects of Mining in Palawan

Thesis Statement: The continuous mining in Palawan will cause degradation of the soil, denuding of the forests and extinction of animal and plant species thus lowering its’ biodiversity. Biological diversity, or biodiversity, encompasses the variety and abundance of plants, animals, and microorganisms as well as the ecosystems and ecological processes to which they belong. (Braatz, 1992) The word came from the Latin â€Å"bios† which means life and â€Å"diversitas† which means variety or differences which therefore means variety of life. Catibog-Sinha, C. , Heaney, L. 2006) Biodiversity plays a large role on what the society is possessing today. Its’ significance can be divided into two main aspects: the economic benefits and the services it gives to humanities. The most politically appealing and economically attractive argument in favour of maintaining biodiversity is that it provides enormous direct economic benefits in the form of food, medicines, indu strial raw materials and has the potential for generating many more. Ehrlich and Wilson, 1991; McNeely, 1988 as cited in Braatz, 1992) In addition to this, there are three main factors of biodiversity loss and these are the continuous changing of land use, the ongoing expansion, emergence and integration of markets and states, and the movement of species into the areas inhabited by others. (Konteleon, A. , Pascual, U. , Swanson, T. , 2007) In an article in the Philippine Star newspaper, it was said that â€Å"The Philippines ranks fifth globally in the number of plant species, and it hosts about 5% of the world’s flora. † (Paje, R. 2012) The Philippines has been named one of the world’s â€Å"megadiverse† countries, and it has been ranked one of the countries with the highest rates of discovery in the world. (Yap, D. , 2012) Also, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has revealed that more than 270 wildlife species endemic to the Phi lippines have been found in the past 25 years. In a statement given by DENR Secretary Ramon Paje (2012) â€Å"These discoveries of sorts are a testament that the Philippines is richly endowed with unique biodiversity that only underscores the need for stepped up protection.These endemic species are our living jewels. They are irreplaceable and unique components of our awesome environmental heritage. † (Villanueva, R. 2012) Fortunately, there is a province here in the Philippines that is so much blessed in biological diversity. This province is referred to as the â€Å"Last Ecological Frontier† of the country due to the number of endangered species of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles that are found only in this province. Thus, the name Palawan enters. Palawan is the largest province in the country with an area of 1,489,655 hectares or equivalent to 5% of the country’s local territory.It comprises of the following biodiversity: 15 lakes, 42 ponds, 44 waterf alls, 72 natural springs, 9 mineral springs, 28 principal rivers, 43 streams and 165 creeks identified as potential sources of water for domestic consumption and irrigation, 690,000 hectares of terrestrial forest, 42,500 hectares of mangrove forests- having 31 species and 90% of the known mangrove species in the country, 8 of the 11 amphibians endemic to the Philippines, 279 species of birds- 27 are endemic, 15 out of 25 marine mammals, 58 species of terrestrial mammals- 19 endemic to the country and 16 are restricted to Mantalingahan Mountain Range, 24 endemic reptiles and 69 species found in the corridor, 4 of the 5marine turtles and 379 species of corals and 82% of the total coral species recorded in the country.Aside from having the title of the â€Å"Last Ecological Frontier†, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declared it as a â€Å"Man and Biosphere Reserve† because of its’ uniqueness like having a vast land area and topography which is divided by tall mountain ranges such as Mt. Mantalingahan, Mt. Gantung in the southern part and Cleopatra’s Needle in the northern part of the province with an average elevation of approximately 1,100 meters. Palawan is also a home of three major indigenous communities namely: Batak which can be located in the central and northern part, Tagbanua in the central, northern and southern part and Pala’wan in the southern part of the province. (http://pnni. wordpress. com) Because of the natural resources endowed upon Palawan and the local and global appreciation it gathered, the Senate Bill No. 1358 was created.This declares Palawan as the â€Å"Ecological Tourism Capital of the Philippines† and thus needs ample â€Å"government support† and â€Å"grant of autonomy† for its ecological projects. The said bill banks on the â€Å"right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology† and protects Palawan from attacks on its natural resources. (Estropia, E. J. , 2012) Palawan does not only have distinct species but it also possesses beautiful sceneries that have gathered titles and are well-known around the globe. One of these is the Tubbataha Reef which covers 33,200 hectares and a home to lots of marine life such as manta rays, sea turtles, sharks, tuna, dolphins, jackfish, coral reefs with 300 coral species and 379 species of fish.It is also the one of the most desirable scuba-diving destination in the Philippines. Another is the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River which was chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. However, the biodiversity of Palawan is under very high threat. Conservation International has identified Palawan as a site for threatened amphibians, mammals, birds, reptiles, and freshwater fish, as well as for restricted-range and congregatory birds, using confirmed locality data for each target species. (Impact Asian Magazine for Human Transformation 45(7), 2011) As of today, Palawan has been experiencing a serious problem that could lower its biodiversity and this is mining.Mining is the extraction of minerals down the earth’s crust. In mining, land excavation will always be performed whether it is an open-cast mining or an underground mining. Both types will cause significant effects on the environment and to all living organisms around the area. It cannot be hide that the province of Palawan is not only rich in biodiversity but also rich in mineral deposits that lie under its virgin forests. This made many mining industries to capitalize in the province and extract minerals. The mineral resources that can be found in the province are nickel, copper, manganese, chromite and gold. However, nickel ranks first in terms of the province’s mineral production value.Even though the mining industry contributes on raising the status of Philippine economy, as anticipated, it is causing disruptive activities that harm the people and the environment o f Palawan specifically lowering its biodiversity level. â€Å"According to Impact, Asian Magazine for Human Transformation in their special edition on July 2011entitled â€Å"Palawan: A Clash Between Mining and Biodiversity†, mining operations have been active in Palawan since 1970. It was revealed that mining tenements are found in core protected zones in Palawan. † (Estropia, E. J. , 2012) Also, according to statistics, there are 429 mining claims and applications currently present in Palawan which covered up a total area of 850,000 hectares. The numbers of mining firms are alarming since most of these are prominent in the north and south part of Palawan where the biodiversity level is high.Geo-tagging data from Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Mines and Geosciences Bureau (DENR-MGB) as of March 2011, has also found the province and its biodiversity under threat due to some 354 mining tenements encroached in almost 50% of its total land area, covering forest ranges of Mt. Bulanjao which is a protected area and falls under ‘core zones’ which should not be open to any development activity, and 90% of ancestral lands. (Impact Asian Magazine for Human Transformation 45(7), 2011) There are laws concerning on the preservation of Palawan’s biodiversity. One of these is the Republic Act No. 7942 otherwise known as the Philippine Mining Act of 1995. This act declares that all mineral resources in public and private lands within the territory and exclusive economic zone of the Republic of the Philippines are owned by the State.It shall be the responsibility of the State to promote their rational exploration, development, utilization and conservation through the combined efforts of government and the private sector in order to enhance national growth in a way that effectively safeguards the environment and protect the rights of affected communities. It sought to arrest the slump of the mining industry by providi ng a framework by which investments in mineral exploitation must operate, so as not to repeat the mistakes of the past which caused many of the mines to close shop. (Ballesteros, 1997) On the other side, the law was opposed by environmentalists, social activists and indigenous people organizations.The law is based on Article XII of the Philippine Constitution and thus mandates the State to manage the country’s mineral resources as owner and administrator, and to control and supervise exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources. The law reiterates the Constitutional provision that only the government may grant mining rights to individuals and corporations. (http://www. forestpeoples. org) In addition to this, the government has approved 180 Mineral Production Sharing Agreements (MPPAs), 70 exploration permits, 126 industrial sand and gravel permits, and five special mineral extraction permits including two Financial and Technical Assistance Agreements (FTAAs) under previous mining laws. (Estropia, E. J. , 2012) Another is the Republic Act 7661 or Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP Law).It is known as a comprehensive frame-work for the sustainable development of Palawan compatible with protecting and enhancing the natural resources and endangered environment of the province. It shall serve to guide the local government of Palawan and the government agencies concerned in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs affecting the environment and natural resources of Palawan. SEP has established a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of Palawan, including its tribal lands, forests, mines, agricultural areas, settlement areas, small islands, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds and the surrounding sea which is known as the Environmental Critical Areas Network (ECAN) and shall serve as the main strategy of the SEP. (http://pnni. wordpress. om) Despite of the presence of these laws, companies are still b eing granted authorization to mine in core protected areas and mining corporations have been able to grab massive land areas for mining metal ores through this act. Mining is a very destructive activity to all forms of life. The fact that it will casts vast excavation of land which mining corporations perform not in lowland areas but in the location where dense forests exist on various mountain and mountain ranges shows how big the total damage it may cause in the environment. The main thing that is being affected by mining is the nature encompassing all the biotic and abiotic organisms that exist in the surrounding area where mining is being held. In mining, it cannot be conducted without affecting the land, water, and air surrounding the site, as well as the various natural resources found in them.It involves the extraction of minerals and because of this then there is destruction of wildlife which may also result in health problems. Then there are the disasters that can happen fr om the cutting of trees, erosion, and other accidents from mining structures. Thus, it is important for mining companies to practice the concept of â€Å"Responsible Mining†. In a statement given by Godfrey Oliphant, Deputy Minister of Mineral Resources of South Africa, 2012, â€Å"Responsible mining is something that develops the economy and its people and recognizes the delicate balance between mining and the environment. Responsibility in mining gives priority to the health and safety of workers and surrounding communities. † (Malanes, M. , Caluza, D. , Cimatu, F. 2012) In responsible mining there must be a positive effect on the Philippine economy. Whatever environmental problems that mining companies are facing must be remediated. Moreover, there must be progress seen in the surrounding community like construction of schools and hospitals. However, most mining companies do not apply these concepts that is why adverse effects in the ecosystem are being felt by the present species of animals, plants and as well as humans. First and foremost, mining affects the land that is being converted to a mining site. Since mining companies perform mining in the virgin forests of Palawan, the trees are being cut down.Cutting down trees would cause destruction of the whole forests. Without trees, the area is prone to erosion and when heavy rain strikes, there will be flash floods which could cause death to the residents living near the mine site. Thus, there will be deforestation and loss of wildlife habitat. Given that most animal and plant species are living in the forests, devastating their habitat will cause them to leave and change the way they live. Animals will try to find new ways in order to survive in the new environment that they are encountering. However, soon enough and they will not be able to cope with the changes, they will die. Their number will decrease and soon only few will be alive.This causes endemism. Ecologically speaking, the flora and fauna of Palawan will decline, thus contributing on decreasing its level of biodiversity. In order to recover some ores located within and beneath the layers of soil and rocks, miners use huge machineries that destroy the big rock deposits. In doing this, dust is produced within the process which contributes on air pollution. The dust greatly affects the quality of the air being inhaled by humans. The dust which was released may contain greenhouse gases like methane. Also, other toxins that were released like sulphur dioxide will combine into the air and when it precipitates, the rain will be acidic.Another is smog. Smog when inhale can cause shortness of breath and serious coughing. Another effect of mining in land is that it causes declination in agricultural production. The main livelihood of the people in Palawan is through agricultural crops specifically rice production. However, when mining started to strike in their land, there has been a decrease in their total harvest due to the mine tailings that have scattered throughout their plantation. The laterite that came from mining waste was deposited in their field which caused the rice to grow smaller than the usual. One example of mineral which is commonly subject for mining in Palawan is nickel.Nickel, above the natural tolerable level in soil caused reduction in yield of shoots of rye grass (Khalid and Tinsley, 1980). The species of Rice belongs to the family of grasses which is supposed to composed of sturdy plants. Nickel also reduced the growth of corn (Huillier et al. 1996) and higher concentration of Nickel in the germinating seeds of cabbage, lettuce, millet, radish, turnips and wheat cause reductions in root elongation (Carlson et al. 1991). Similarly, elevated levels of nickel in higher forms of flowering plants such as rice for instance, blocks cell division in the pericycle of roots, resulting in the inhibition of root branching (Seregin and Kozhevnikova 2005).Likewise, the toxic effects of Cr on plant growth and development are in the germination and growth of roots, stems and leaves, hence, its yield. In addition, Cr causes harmful effects on photosynthesis, water relations and mineral nutrition by direct effects on enzymes and anti-oxidants (Shanker et al. 2005). Hence, the abovementioned effects would definitely impact on plant growth and productivity. (Regis, E. , 2011) Aside from the effects of mining in land, it also affects the bodies of water near it and the aquatic ecosystems were the marine species are living. When mining disturbs the layers of soil and rocks, the process scatters toxic heavy metals contained in these layers and become mixed with loosened soil and tailings.Through mining, these metals become concentrated in surface soil and brought downslope by heavy rains and typhoons in tropical environments. In island ecosystem with steep slopes, these toxics reach the sea and kill marine organisms in marine habitats. (Regis, E. , 2011) Due to the late rite that flows through rivers and to the seas, it covered the natural habitat of fishes and other marine organisms and these are the coral reefs. Coral reefs serve as the breeding ground for most fishes and food for various fishery resources. After the invasive flow of laterite to the seas, the coral reefs look like a rusty piece of metal which means that it is already dead and useless.And because the corals were already dead due to the polluted water, species of fishes as well as other marine animals living in that area will have no habitat. They will not be able to reproduce since there are no more breeding grounds. The water will not be suitable for these organisms and light will not be able to pass through and the sea grasses which are covered with laterite will not be able to propagate. Laterite will also fill the gills of the fishes which is the main cause of fill kills. Not only sees but also rivers were victims of mining. Other mine wastes flow in the rivers thus making it a dead river. Severe outcomes will be encountered by humans and other forms of life when mining in Palawan continues. However, the most adverse effect is the destruction of the environment.Because of this, there will be a decrease in the flora and fauna of Palawan. The once known to be the most diverse province in the Philippines might lost its title due to the impact of mining on the forested areas, social community and aquatic ecosystem. If mining operations will continue, pollution whether in air, land or water will get worse. The endemic species in Palawan might soon be vanished, and the numerous species of today will be classified as extinct tomorrow. Also, the biodiversity sites like the Tubbataha Reef National Park and the Puerto Princesa Underground River which are known around the world will be destroyed. With all of this, the biodiversity level of Palawan will decline.The people who are benefiting on the natural resources of the province will also be affected. There will b e a change in the food and services they acquired. Since their primary source of livelihood is farming, pollution of the soil will produce no crops. There will also be less employment. The water that they are taking will not be potable due to chemical deposits that pollute the water. The fishes recovered by the fishermen will not be enough to supply the food of the people and if there is fill kill then sea foods will be inedible. There will be diseases due to pollution like skin diseases. If the people were able to eat any crops containing metal minerals from mine waste then they will be sick.In addition to this, there will also be geological vulnerability. Philippines lies near the Pacific Ring of Fire, if mining will continue then there will be more and more excavation of land and conversion of mountainous areas to plains, when this happens the formation of the plates will be destructed. Any time, there will movements of plates that could cause high intensity earthquakes and could cause a tsunami since Palawan is surrounded with water. Admittedly, the Philippines is below par when it comes to international practice of water and toxic waste management at mining sites. The already disastrous legacy of mining in the Philippines will, it is feared, worsen.The international community should take stronger action in order to regulate mining particularly, near sea level mining that might be easily inundated as sea level rises and all mining in monsoon/typhoon /hurricane affected zones. (Impact Asian Magazine for Human Transformation 45(7), 2011) The continuous mining in Palawan will cause degradation of the soil, denuding of the forests and extinction of animal and plant species thus lowering its’ biodiversity. Hence, mining should be stopped in order to avoid the possible effects above which can be experience by the whole province. Another is in order to conserve the natural species of Palawan including all the animal and plant species that are found only in the province.The rules and regulations which are being implemented must be revised in order to inspect every mining application that tends to build a mining site in the province and the current mining tenements as well. Further land excavation must be put to an end and the mine wastes that mining companies created must be cleaned. The mountains that they cleared must be replaced with new trees. Also, the wastes on the rivers and on the seas must be removed. What else must the environment have to experience in order to stop the mining in Palawan? Would it be okay to let the numerous species of today be classified as extinct tomorrow? Is it just to take the risk of having a progressive economy than to preserve the treasures of the country? Should mining be stopped or just wait for nature to hit back?